There’s different terms for words that are similar here are a few.
Homonym
A homonym is a word that sounds like, or is spelled differently but have different meanings. Coming from Ancient Greek Homo meaning Same and Onym meaning Name.
Examples
There/Their/They’re
Bow(Weapon)/Bow(To Bow at someone)/Bow(Accessory)
Heteronym
A heteronym is a word that has a different pronunciation and meaning from another word but the same spelling. Coming from Ancient Greek Hetero meaning Different and Onym meaning Name.
Examples
Don’t desert(to leave) me here in the desert(A Place)!
Upon seeing the tear(To rip) in the painting I shed a tear(To Cry).
Homograph
A homograph is a word that looks the same but has a different meaning. Coming from Ancient Greek Homo meaning Same and Graph meaning Write.
Examples
Sow(To plant a seed) and Sow(A female pig)
Lead(The Material) and Lead(To have something follow it)
Homophone
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same/similarly but has a different meaning. Coming from Ancient Greek Homo meaning Same and Phone meaning Voice. If there is more than one word it can be called an Oronym.
Examples
Merry(To be happy) and Mary(The Name)
Ice Cream(The Food) and I Scream(The Verb)
Synonym
A synonym is a word that means the same thing as another word in the same language. Coming from Syn meaning With and Onym meaning Name.
An aptronym is a name which is suited to the person due a a range of factors. It comes from a blend of the word apt meaning suitable and patronym meaning the name of someones father. The opposite of an aptroynm is an Inaptronym, a name which is not suited to the person.
Examples
Aptronyms
Christopher Coke- Drug Lord and Cocaine Trafficker
Amy Freeze- American Meteorologist
Anthony Weiner- American politician involved in sexting scandals
Inaptronym
Samuel Foote- a comic actor who lost a leg in a horse-riding accident in 1766